Botswana
Botswana – Wilderness
Have you ever imagined a safari in a canoe, on horseback or even on an elephant? This is only possible in Botswana, of course, from the more traditional 4 × 4 vehicle options. The country is renowned for having one of the richest wildlife sanctuaries on the African continent and the highest percentage of protected natural area in remote regions. All this biodiversity, possibility of tours and accommodations make Botswana the ideal destination when it comes to safari.
Among the natural wonders of the country is the Okavango River, which unlike the other water channels that flow into the sea, it ends in the middle of the Kalahari Desert, which covers 84% of the national territory. Thanks to this unusual phenomenon, with each rainy period the river discharges 11 cubic kilometers of water into the arid expanse and gives rise to the Okavango Delta – the largest inland delta in the world. Its canals form islands inhabited by the “Big Five”, the five wild mammals that are large and most difficult to be hunted by man: lion, African buffalo, elephant, leopard and rhinoceros.
Botswana is indeed a land of great contrasts, the desert landscape predominates, but in the north the scenario is quite different: green, fertile and flooded. The traditional villages are also a counterpoint to the modern and bustling cities. The capital Garabone is one of the fastest growing in Africa since the country’s independence in 1966, and this development is directly related to the exploration of mineral wealth, the nation is a major world producer of diamonds.
Among the memorable memories of this country are the sounds and movements of the animals, the feeling that the place has no borders due to the immensity of its multiple landscapes, smell of earth, exciting sunset in shades of orange, bright sky and full of stars at night and hospitable people.
Located in a semi-arid region in southern Africa, the country borders Zambia (to the north), Zimbabwe (east), Namibia (to the west) and South Africa (to the south). Two-thirds of Botswana are situated in the Tropic of Capricorn and most of the country is at an altitude of one thousand meters. You can only find small mountains in the eastern portion, because practically the relief is flat.
With an area approximately the size of France or Kenya, it shelters around 18.5 million inhabitants. It has 11 districts and the urban centers of the country are Francistown, Lobatse, Selebi-Phikwe, already the tourist centers are in Maun and Kasane.
The savannah is the typical vegetation of the country, no traveler will forget the arid expanse, the sand valleys with their shrubs and grasses resistant to the very drought conditions. The sands of the Kalahari desert cover 84% of Botswana, mainly the entire central and southwestern region. The pluviometric indexes are very small, about 250 millimeters annually. Therefore, the name Kalahari means “the great thirst”, in the native language.
However, the areas to the north of the country are an exception because they are perennially flooded. This happens thanks to the Okavango River that is born in Angola, goes through Namibia and flows into Botswana, transforming the desert into the Okavango Delta, a true oasis for millions of wild animals, with an area of more than 15 thousand km² of savannah. This wonderful natural phenomenon, which peaks between May and June, completely changes the landscape of the region, what was dry and arid becomes flooded, green and full of biodiversity.
The country has an Altitude Tropical climate and, therefore, the temperatures are extreme. In winter (between late May and August) the days are usually sunny, warm, but the temperature cools at night and often the thermometers mark below zero degree Celsius. This period is dry and ideal for viewing the animals, as they are concentrated near the water sources.
In September and October the temperature is extremely hot and also indicated for observation of the animals. Between May and October is the best time for a safari in the Okavango Delta. In these months, the Delta is in its flood and attracts several species of animals.
During the summer day (between October and April) temperatures can exceed 40 ° C, and the typical rains at that time hinder the access roads by land, which can compromise the routes for the walks and the viewing of the animals.
The official language is English, widely spoken in urban areas and in villages, especially by the younger ones. However, the national language is Setswana, which has small differences in local dialects.
The history of Botswana was heavily influenced by South Africa. Batswana was the term for the citizens of Botswana and refers to the largest ethnic group in South Africa (Tswana) that migrated to the neighboring country during the Zulu Wars in the 1800s Prior to European contact, they lived as farmers and pastors and obeyed tribal rules.
In the 19th century, after the hostility of the Batswana and Boer settlers (from the Tranvaal), the Batswana called for help in settling disputes, and the British Government decided to make Bechuanaland a protectorate under its surveillance in 1885.
In 1909, South Africa wanted to annex to its territory the Protectorate of Bechuanaland, Basuotoland (now Lesotho) and Swaziland, but received guarantees from the British who would not be part of this union proposal. With the expansion of British authority and evolution of tribal rule, two advisory councils were established in 1920, one representing Africans and the other European. In 1934, tribal rules and powers were regularized, and in 1951 a single European-African council was created. Ten years later (1961), the Constitution was enacted and a legislative advisory council was established.
In 1964, the British accepted the proposal of independence and creation of a democratic government in Botswana. The seat of government changed from Mafikeng, on the border of South Africa, to Garabone in 1965. The Constitution conducted the first election and the Bechuanaland Protectorate became independent and became Botswana in September 1966. From then the country became a great example of democracy on the African continent when holding regular elections and managed to maintain economic stability thanks to the extraction of mineral wealth.
The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) has been in power since the first election and continues to represent the wishes of the majority of the population. Seretse Khama, leader of the independence movement, was elected the first president, later re-elected twice, but passed away in 1980. The presidency was led by Vice-President Ketumile Masire, who was democratically elected in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. However, he retired from political activities in 1998, at age 72. But his deputy, Festus Mogae, became the third president in the 1999 elections and then won the second round of elections on October 30, 2004. His deputy that year became Ian Khama, son of the first president and founder of the BDP party . Currently, Tseretse Khama Ian Khama presides over the country.
By opposing the racial segregation regime in South Africa, Botswana was targeted by the South African army on charges of harboring guerrillas from the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela’s party. It was only after the 1990s, with the end of Apartheid , that bilateral relations between the two countries improved.
Brazilian citizens do not need a visa to enter Botswana and can stay in the country for a period of 90 days. The visa is guaranteed at the entrance of the country. But, do not forget to have the passport valid for six months from the date of travel and with two blank pages at least.
For more information, visit the Embassy of Botswana in Brazil website: http://www.botswanaembassy.org.br
Embassy of Botswana in Brazil:
SHIS QI09, Conjunto 16, Casa 03
Lago Sul, Brasília-DF
CEP 71625-160
Brazil
With 38% of its territory destined for national parks, reserves and wildlife management areas, Botswana is the right place to observe mammals, reptiles, birds and to appreciate different species of plants. The infrastructure of the national parks contributes much to make the walks unforgettable. Undoubtedly, visitors are presented with a unique and amazing contact with nature.
The Chobe National Park in the northeast, is considered a paradise for elephants, where you can find more than 60,000 of them. It is also the refuge of more than 400 species of animals, among them, buffaloes, hippos. A different way of getting to know the place is by pedaling on mountain-bike circuits and a ride indicated at the end of the day is the sunset cruise on the Chobe River. The park also has very comfortable accommodation.
Already the thousands of flamingos are in the salty deserts of the Makgadikgadi Pans National Park , in an area of 12 thousand km ². There you can observe wildlife on the banks of the Boteti River. It is also part of the Makgadikgadi complex , the Nxai Pan National Park , which houses wildebeest, zebras, impalas, wild dog, brown hyena, antelope, among others.
At the border between Botswana and South Africa is located the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park,which offers the visitor a unique experience in watching over 170 species of birds.
The opening hours vary according to the months (from April 1st to September 1st from 06h to 18h30 and from October 1st to March 1st from 05h30 to 19h), with the exception of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park . It is essential to make the reservation in advance both to know the parks and to stay in the public reserves, besides paying a value per person or group and also by type of vehicle that will be used. For more details, visit: http://www.mewt.gov.bw/DWNP/article.php?id_mnu=163
The preservation of nature is a constant concern of local government, so visitors should know some basic rules in the National Parks or Game Reserve . Among them: do not remove plants and animals, do not drive or circulate after the closing hours of parks and reserves, the maximum speed allowed is 40 km / h, do not touch or feed the animals during the rides.
Botswana has untouched and preserved places and the feeling is that the nation hides many secrets in the heart of Africa. It is possible to relax in more secluded surroundings, enjoy a quiet stroll in the local transport “mokoro” (canoe) in the water courses, as well as venture in the numerous options of activities in the safari areas.
The visitor can experience every corner of Botswana in a different way, whether in a 4 × 4 vehicle, on foot, by bicycle, in a canoe, on board a boat. Each option offers amazing experiences.
The Okavango Delta is a permanent swamp and considered the great wonder of Botsuna for being the refuge of the “Big Five”.
The infrastructure of the national parks and the country’s accommodations, both public and private, provide a special contact with nature. In fact, the country has hotels that are considered the most luxurious of the continent.
Moremi Game Reserve was voted by renowned tourism associations as the best game reserve in Africa. With an area of 3,900 km², it is situated in the central and eastern Okavango Delta region, therefore, it boasts one of the continent’s richest ecosystems. It is possible to observe more than 400 species of birds, many of them migrating or threatened with extinction. White and black rhinos have recently been reintroduced and now is the fate of the “Big Five.”
The Central Kalahari Game Reserve is one of the largest reserves in the world, with its 52 thousand square kilometers. The park was closed for 30 years and was only reopened to tourism in the late 90’s, which ensured the preservation of its fauna and flora. The place is the habitat of giraffes, lions, hyenas, among other animals. Tsodilo Hills are hills located within this park. The largest of its peaks reaches 1,400 meters high. But it is widely visited because of its 4,000 rock paintings dated more than 100 thousand years ago, so much that it is baptized of Wild Louvre and was recognized by UNESCO as Patrimony of Humanity in 2002, due to its cultural and historical importance.
The Northern Tuli Game Reserve , with 71,000 hectares, is a great option to get in touch with nature in preserved and isolated environments of great tourism. The place houses 48 species of mammals and more than 350 species of birds, the estimate is that 20 thousand animals inhabit this reserve.
To further enjoy the trip, be sure to include binoculars, insect repellent, flashlight, hat with flaps or cap, lip balm, sunscreen and sunglasses.
Generally, you prefer cotton clothes in light and neutral tones, because they blend well with the local vegetation and do not compromise the observation of the animals. Avoid clothes with synthetic material and in dark colors because they increase perspiration and can cause much discomfort in extremely hot days.
In addition, closed and comfortable shoes are indispensable, sneakers or boots are good options.
Always carry a light jacket in the backpack because of sudden changes in temperature and it will also help protect against insects.
In winter – between May and August – include warm coats and pants that warm your body, especially in the morning and late afternoon.
Public transportation is reliable and cheap. However, the bus and train route is limited between urban centers and most of Botswana’s tourist attractions are off these routes.
The most popular option is the “Minibus”, as the blue buses are known in the city, they follow pre-established routes around the big cities like Gaborone, Kasane, Ghanzi, Molepolole, Mahalapye, Palapye, Francistown, Selebi -Phikwe, Lobatse and Kanye.
Registered taxis are blue, but they do not usually travel around cities looking for passengers, not even in the capital of the country. They usually carry four passengers at a time and have a set route, for example, from the center to the east, and take them all to their destination. So if you need one, it is best to call a taxi company or drive to a nearby bus or train station, as it will be easier to find them there.
The currency of Botswana is the Pula (P), which means rain in the Setswana language. One Pula is equivalent to 100 thebe (ie dark, in Setswana).
Foreign currencies such as the Dollar, Euro, British Pound and South African Rands are easier to exchange at banks, exchange offices and authorized hotels. There is also this facility for Travel Check. Banks usually operate Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. and Saturdays from 8:30 p.m. to 10:45 p.m.
ATMs are mostly found in major cities and credit card Marstercad and Visa are accepted in virtually every country, whether in restaurants, shops. However, in villages and local craft sites, purchases should generally be made in cash.
A 12% tax on the movement of goods is already included in the price of many products and services. To request reimbursement of these amounts it is necessary to spend more than P5000 (five thousand Pulas) in the country and present the purchase tax, passport and inform your bank account. This can be done when leaving the country at customs posts and airports.
Always keep the copy of the VAT form as a proof and as a precaution. It will also be easier to follow after the trip if the transaction was done correctly.
Since 1 January 2014, the government of Botswana has indefinitely suspended the commercial hunting of wildlife in public or controlled areas.
For the conservation of wild nature, the government limits the amount of visitors, the visiting period and there is a high cost for entrances and permits in national parks, public accommodations. So schedule yourself in advance.
The direction in the country is on the left side. Those who are going to drive through the national parks must follow some general rules, for example, to take at least 20 liters of water per person, even in the desert areas the amount should be between 50 and 100 liters per visitor. In addition, at least 100 liters of fuel in tanks.
The voltage of the country is 220 / 240w and the outlets are of two dashes or two circles. Observe your electronic equipment and if it is necessary to carry an adapter.
All major cities in Botswana have malls, supermarkets, department stores and it is possible to find many products and services. At gas stations, convenience stores are open 24 hours.
In supermarkets it is possible to acquire telephone chip from local operators and even broadband packages.
Schedule yourself to always take money on the rides to buy local handicrafts, especially in the more remote communities or out of the big cities.
Tourists can buy diamond jewelry at authorized stores or sellers and they must accompany a certificate of origin with all product information. The country has a very demanding system of certification, which gives guarantees on the quality and location of diamond extraction.
No one is required to pay a tip for service in restaurants, bars, hotels, but it is recommended to add 10% when you feel the service was well executed.
The tap water is reliable, but anyone who prefers bottled water can easily buy in the shops, supermarkets.
Although the country has good primary health care facilities, having a comprehensive health insurance policy is crucial for anyone who wants to get to know Botswana, especially its more remote areas. Make sure it covers accidents, treatment of serious illnesses or if medical evacuation is required.
Malaria rates increase during the rainy season, between November and April, particularly in the north of the country in the Okavango and Chobe areas. Therefore, it is essential to prevent before the trip and consult a doctor to take prescribed medications, since the types of malaria and drugs to combat it change constantly. Other preventive measures should be followed, including: wear long-sleeved clothing, closed shoes, and keep the body covered when possible. Also, sleep with a mosquito net and use repellents.
In Botswana it is possible to find the only population of lions swimming, this happens because of floods, when they are forced to enter the water to hunt the antelope.
The hills “Tsodilo Hills” are considered sacred, because the population believes that the spirits of the ancestors remain there. In the past, their ancestors performed religious rituals, painted their faces for advice and rain. The place was occupied by the Sans – first inhabitants, and then by the Hambukushu, who have been there for more than 200 years.
In rural areas one of the highlights is the “Kgotlas”, a place designated in the villages for meetings and in it the population can launch complaints, vent, but always in a climate of mutual respect.
The mason is a typical delicacy prepared with yellow meat, that is, worms (caterpillars) cooked with tomatoes, onions, spices and sometimes even add honey.
Another popular food is “pap”, a type of puree made with corn flour. The most common way to serve it is bathed in a thickened sauce with steak of steak.
The beef is very much appreciated in the country, considered the second largest economy.
The collective barbecue is also an interesting time in Botswana. In many cities, people meet in squares, each individual takes his or her flesh and tries to get a space on the grill of the collective barbeque.
